Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch ...

The lumbar curve sweeps forward ... Some research links irritable bowel syndrome to herniated discs in the lower back.

Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is a serious condition that occurs when the nerve roots in the lower back are compressed, often due to a herniated lumbar disc. This compression can lead to severe ...

Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP ... bulging of an intervertebral disc, osteophyte formation, or spondylolisthesis. Symptoms include leg and buttock pain with activity that is alleviated ...