While necessary, the two essential components of reading comprehension—decoding and language comprehension—are not sufficient to improve outcomes in international reading assessments such as Programme ...
Comprehension is developed by fluent word reading, vocabulary strength, and a combination of strategies for helping the child connect with and think about the text. The most rigorous methodologic ...
Each is entangled with many interacting variables, making it hard to isolate a single cause (e.g., coffee, a teaching method) for a specific outcome (e.g., heart disease, reading proficiency). For ...