From the ‘Godfather of AI’ to the discoverer of microRNA, the four new Nobelists have made remarkable advances in medicine, chemistry and physics.

Nobel winners Gary Ruvkun and Victor Ambros discovered microRNA, which has been used to study cancer treatments, diabetes, and metabolism.

Gary Ruvkun, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School and an investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital, has received the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of microRNAs, a class of tiny RNA molecules that regulate the activities of genes in plants and animals, including humans.