Background Twinning has been associated with many types of birth defects, although previous studies have had inconsistent findings. Many studies lack information about potential confounders, ...

Background: The proportion of non-attenders in cervical cancer screening is high, and should be minimised. A targeted invitation to women not participating for the last 5 years in cervical screening ...

Background Factors that increase the risk of labour market exclusion are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the extent to which all-cause and diagnosis-specific sick leave predict ...

One hundred non-smoking patients attending hospital outpatient clinics reported their degree of passive exposure to tobacco smoke over the preceding three days and provided samples of blood, expired ...

Current epidemiological and statistical theory about research methods and how to elicit causation from epidemiological studies is strongly influenced by counterfactual-manipulative thinking. However, ...

Background and aims Many economic factors are associated with diet, yet the evidence is generally cross-sectional. Older people are considered especially vulnerable to poor diets from negative changes ...

1 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan 2 Department of Nursing, Tenri Health Care University, Nara, Japan 3 Department of ...

Background The prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in Down syndrome (DS) varies considerably across studies (from 16% to 84%). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CHD in people ...

Background Few studies have examined the frailty trajectories of young–old adults using Fried frailty phenotype. Dropouts due to death were rarely taken into account. This longitudinal study aimed to ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To investigate the numbers and characteristics of patients with ophthalmological accidents and emergencies presenting to hospitals. DESIGN--Prospective survey over eight weeks.

Background The UK legalised same-sex marriage in 2014. We examine whether same-sex marriage legalisation (SSML), an exogenous policy change, affected the health outcomes among ethnic minority lesbian, ...

Background Little is known about education-related inequalities in late-life disability. Here, we use individual-level register data on the receipt of the Austrian long-term care allowance (ALTCA) to ...